When the nozzle is located higher than the pump, which formula is correct for calculating the effective pressure?

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The correct formula for calculating the effective pressure when the nozzle is located higher than the pump is EP=NP+FL+BP.

In this scenario, effective pressure (EP) is determined by adding the net pump pressure (NP) to both the friction loss (FL) and the backpressure (BP).

When the nozzle is elevated compared to the pump, gravity creates an additional pressure requirement that must be compensated for, which is reflected in the backpressure component of the formula. Friction loss accounts for the resistance the water faces as it travels through the hoses and fittings, and since the nozzle is positioned higher, this also increases the overall pressure required at the nozzle. Therefore, both friction loss and backpressure need to be added to the net pump pressure to arrive at the effective pressure exerted by the nozzle.

This understanding highlights the importance of considering both frictional effects and gravitational factors in firefighting operations.

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